Hi, I am new to kernel programming. Last few days i have been reading about memory management, memory mapping etc., But i could not put the things together. Here i need clarifications regarding the few things whether wat i understood is right or not. 1) Mapping means bringing a device memory which is not in the address space of kernel/user to its address space. ioremap() : 2) ioremap does mapping of a particular i/o device to kernel logical memory address. mmap() 3) mmap does the mapping of a device memory to user space virtual address. kmap() 4) gets a kernel virtual address of an allocated high memory page. 5) And finally memory mapping does a manipulation of a PTE. Tell if i have interpreted anything wrong and please correct me. Thank you -- With regards, Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli,