Nick, I've been reading the lists for a long long time. My day job is senior embedded linux developer for a mobile comms company, I have many many years experience under my belt. from what I see is a young fella, possibly fresh out of university trying to cut his teeth on the kernel. take my advice, leave it alone , you are far too in-experienced to be trying this. your post to the list are becoming tiresome. leave it alone, go away and develop your coding skills by writing programs of your own. (i would suggest something simple to start - helloworld).. this stuff is far too complicated for you - especially device drivers. (these need knowledge of the hardware , also knowledge about how hardware works) just a bit of friendly advice. Abo