Tools for checking incorrect usage of locking techniques in k-space
Anand Moon
moon.linux at yahoo.com
Mon Nov 5 02:24:40 EST 2012
Hi All,
While building the new kernel their are many option for kernel debugging
please refer the below link.
http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/operating-systems-and-server-administration/linux/9780137072446/kernel-hacking-config-options/ch11
Hope this will help you catch the lock problem.
-Anand Moon
________________________________
From: Vladimir Murzin <murzin.v at gmail.com>
To: Kumar amit mehta <gmate.amit at gmail.com>
Cc: Srivatsa Bhat <bhat.srivatsa at gmail.com>; kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org
Sent: Monday, November 5, 2012 11:21 AM
Subject: Re: Tools for checking incorrect usage of locking techniques in k-space
On Tue, Oct 30, 2012 at 9:41 AM, Kumar amit mehta <gmate.amit at gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 29, 2012 at 12:03:08AM +0530, Srivatsa Bhat wrote:
>> You'll need CONFIG_LOCKDEP=y as well. An easy way to configure lock debugging
>> checks is to run 'make menuconfig' and enable the required options under the
>> "Kernel hacking" section.
>>
>> >
>> > If above configuration is all that I need, then should I be seeing warning/error
>> > messages in kernel logs(/var/log/kern.log) when there is inconsistency in
>> > locking ? To test my hypothesis, I modified my simple kernel module to
>> > deliberately induce locking error (After initializing read-write semaphore, I call
>> > down_write() and do not free this semaphore lock by commenting out up_write()
>> > invocation). But still I don't see any error or warning message trace in kernel
>> > logs, I think, I'm missing something.
>
> Hi Srivatsa,
>
> Thank you for your mail. As per your suggestion, this time I've enabled
> CONFIG_LOCKDEP aslo in my running kernel and did the same experiment, but still
> I dont't see any warning/error messages in the kernel log. To give you more idea
> about what I'm doing, Please see the code below.(This is a simple char driver
> based on LDD3 examples)
>
> <echo.c>
>
> #include <linux/module.h>
> #include <linux/init.h>
> #include <linux/types.h> //MAJOR, MINOR
> #include <linux/fs.h> //register_chrdev_region, file_operations
> #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
> #include <linux/kernel.h> //container_of
> #include <linux/slab.h> //kmalloc
> #include <linux/cdev.h> //struct cdev
> #include <linux/version.h>
> #include <linux/uaccess.h> //copy_from/to_user()
> #include <linux/errno.h> //error code
>
> ssize_t echo_read(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
> ssize_t echo_write(struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
> int echo_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
> int echo_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
>
> struct echo_cdev {
> char *data;
> unsigned long size; //amount of data stored
> struct semaphore sem;
> struct cdev cdev;
> };
> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
> MODULE_AUTHOR("amit");
>
> int nr_major;
> module_param(nr_major, int, S_IRUGO);
> MODULE_PARM_DESC(nr_major, "major number");
>
> int nr_minor;
> char *chrdev_name = "echo";
>
> static dev_t device;
> static int echo_dev_count = 1;
> struct echo_cdev *echo_dev = NULL;
>
> static struct file_operations echo_fs_ops = {
> .open = echo_open,
> .release = echo_release,
> .read = echo_read,
> .write = echo_write,
> .owner = THIS_MODULE,
> };
>
> int echo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
> {
> struct echo_cdev *dev;
> pr_debug("%s: f_flags: 0x%x\n",__FUNCTION__,filp->f_flags);
> //container_of(pointer, container_type, container_field);
> dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct echo_cdev, cdev);
> filp->private_data = dev;
> if ((filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) {
> //trim the device size to 0
> dev->size = 0;
> }
> return 0;
> }
>
> int echo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
> {
> return 0;
> }
>
> ssize_t echo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *poffset)
> {
> struct echo_cdev *dev = filp->private_data;
> pr_debug("%s: f_flags: 0x%x\n",__FUNCTION__,filp->f_flags);
>
> //user trying to access an offset which is beyond the end of file
> if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
> return -ERESTARTSYS;
> if (*poffset >= dev->size) {
> up(&dev->sem);
> return 0;
> }
>
> //user trying to access more than eof, return bytes read till the eof
> if (*poffset + count >= dev->size)
> //count = dev->size - *poffset;
> count = dev->size;
> //kspace --> uspace
> if (copy_to_user(ubuff, (dev->data + *poffset), count) < 0) {
> up(&dev->sem);
> return -EFAULT;
> }
> //update the offset
> *poffset += count;
> up(&dev->sem);
> return count;
> }
>
> //count is the size of requested data transfer
> ssize_t echo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *poffset)
> {
> int ret;
> struct echo_cdev *dev = filp->private_data;
> pr_debug("%s: f_flags: 0x%x\n",__FUNCTION__,filp->f_flags);
> if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
> return -ERESTARTSYS;
> if (dev->data == NULL) {
> dev->data = (char *)kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
> if (!dev->data) {
> up(&dev->sem);
> return -ENOMEM;
> } else {
> memset(dev->data, 0, sizeof(count));
> }
> }
> dev->size = count;
> //uspace --> kspace
> if (copy_from_user(dev->data, ubuff, count) < 0) {
> up(&dev->sem);
> return -EFAULT;
> }
>
> *poffset += count;
> ret = count;
>
> if (dev->size < *poffset)
> dev->size = *poffset;
> //Force lock error
> //up(&dev->sem);
> return ret;
> }
>
> static int __init echo_init(void)
> {
> int ret;
> printk(KERN_EMERG "entering %s\n",__FUNCTION__);
> //let the user provide the major number.
> if (nr_major) {
> device = MKDEV(nr_major, nr_minor);
> if ((ret = register_chrdev_region(device, echo_dev_count, chrdev_name)) < 0) {
> pr_debug("%s: failed to register %s\n",__FUNCTION__,
> chrdev_name);
> return ret;
> }
> } else {
> ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&device, 0, echo_dev_count, chrdev_name);
> if (ret < 0) {
> pr_debug("%s: failed to register %s\n",__FUNCTION__,
> chrdev_name);
> return ret;
> }
> }
> nr_major = MAJOR(device);
> nr_minor = MINOR(device);
> //print the major and minor numbers
> pr_debug("%s: major/minor:: %d/%d\n",__FUNCTION__,
> nr_major, nr_minor);
> echo_dev = (struct echo_cdev *)kmalloc(sizeof(struct echo_cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
> if (!echo_dev) {
> printk(KERN_EMERG "Not enough memory\n");
> unregister_chrdev_region(device, echo_dev_count);
> return -ENOMEM;
> }
> memset(echo_dev, 0, sizeof(struct echo_cdev));
> echo_dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
> echo_dev->cdev.ops = &echo_fs_ops;
> //initialize the semaphore, before it is presented to the world
> sema_init(&echo_dev->sem,1);
> cdev_init(&echo_dev->cdev, &echo_fs_ops);
> device = MKDEV(nr_major, nr_minor);
> //tell the kernel about this char device
> //telling the VFS layer to associate echo driver's fs operation for file r/w etc.
> ret = cdev_add(&echo_dev->cdev, device, 1);
> if (ret) {
> kfree(echo_dev);
> unregister_chrdev_region(device, echo_dev_count);
> return ret;
> }
> return 0;
> }
>
> static void __exit echo_exit(void)
> {
> printk(KERN_EMERG "entering %s\n",__FUNCTION__);
> if (echo_dev->data) {
> printk("Inside %s: kfree()\n",__FUNCTION__);
> kfree(echo_dev->data);
> }
> cdev_del(&echo_dev->cdev);
> kfree(echo_dev);
> unregister_chrdev_region(device, echo_dev_count);
> }
>
> module_init(echo_init);
> module_exit(echo_exit);
>
> <echo.c>
>
> <Makefile>
> obj-m := echo.o
> CFLAGS_echo.o := -DDEBUG -Wall -Werror -Wmissing-prototypes \
> -Wstrict-prototypes -Wunused-variable -O2 \
> -Wunused-function -g
>
> modules:
> make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=`pwd`
> clean:
> make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=`pwd` clean
> <Makefile>
>
> Logs:
> root at ubuntu:/boot# egrep -i "debug_kernel|lockdep"
> config-3.7.0-rc3-next-20121029
> CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
> CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL=y
> CONFIG_LOCKDEP=y
> # CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP is not set
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# uname -a
> Linux ubuntu 3.7.0-rc3-next-20121029 #1 SMP Mon Oct 29 21:42:20 PDT 2012 i686
> i686 i386 GNU/Linux
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# dmesg
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# insmod echo.ko
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# dmesg
> [ 1156.704072] entering echo_init
> [ 1156.704914] echo_init: major/minor:: 249/0
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# mknod /dev/echo c 249 0
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# ll /dev/echo
> crw-r--r-- 1 root root 249, 0 Oct 29 22:29 /dev/echo
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# echo "kernel newbiee" >/dev/echo
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# dmesg
> [ 1156.704072] entering echo_init
> [ 1156.704914] echo_init: major/minor:: 249/0
> [ 1237.377205] echo_open: f_flags: 0x8241
> [ 1237.377392] echo_write: f_flags: 0x8001
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# cat /dev/echo
> --> Here the driver read routine gets stuck as I've not reliquished the
> semaphore lock
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# cat /dev/echo
> ^C <-- killing the user process
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# rmmod echo
>
> root at ubuntu:/home/amit/ldd3/misc-modules/echo# dmesg
> [ 1156.704072] entering echo_init
> [ 1156.704914] echo_init: major/minor:: 249/0
> [ 1237.377205] echo_open: f_flags: 0x8241
> [ 1237.377392] echo_write: f_flags: 0x8001
> [ 1270.622337] echo_open: f_flags: 0x8000
> [ 1270.622477] echo_read: f_flags: 0x8000
> [ 1394.180962] entering echo_exit
> [ 1394.180996] Inside echo_exit: kfree()
>
> As you can see, no warning/error messages reported by kernel.
> -Amit
>
> _______________________________________________
> Kernelnewbies mailing list
> Kernelnewbies at kernelnewbies.org
> http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies
Hi
I've not tried your module, but I suppose that you should get warning
as soon as you try to take write semaphore once again.
Best wishes
Vladimir Murzin
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