Hello, I have a devices which writes to a video buffer. This buffer is allocated in system memory using CMA and I want to implement streaming write from this buffer to a block device. My application opens video buffer with mmap and I would like to use O_DIRECT write to avoid page cache related overhead. Basically, the pseudo-code of the application looks like this: f_in = open("/dev/videobuf", O_RDONLY); f_mmap = mmap(0, BUFFER_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, f_in, 0); f_out = open("/dev/sda", O_WRONLY | O_DIRECT); write(f_out, f_mmap, BLOCK_SIZE); where BLOCK_SIZE is sector aligned value. f_out is opened without any errors, but write results in EFAULT. I tried to track down this issue and it turned out that mmap implementation in video buffer's driver uses remap_pfn_range(), which sets VM_IO and VM_PFNMAP flags for VMA. The O_DIRECT path in block device drivers checks these flags and returns EFAULT. As far as I understand (from reading comments to VMA flags), O_DIRECT writes need to pin the memory pages, but VMA flags indicate the absence of "struct page" for underlying memory which causes an error. Am I right here? And the main question is how to correctly implement O_DIRECT write from mmapped buffer? I have video buffer driver sources and can modify it appropriately. Mikhail