Thank you very much for your response. I have worked on unix/linux systems before developing shell/awk programs and have a basic idea of hardware in computers/servers. Now my second question is, how do I develop a small kernel from scratch by myself. Very simple one initially for Arduino Uno. Is it possible? Deepak "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated - Mahatma Gandhi" +91 73500 12833 deicool@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deicool LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/deicool "Plant a Tree, Go Green" Make In India : http://www.makeinindia.com/home On Tue, May 16, 2023 at 5:54 PM Valdis Klētnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu> wrote:

On Tue, 16 May 2023 12:42:19 +0530, Deepak Goel said:

...

I want to learn more about Linux.

Step 0:

Learn what a kernel is, and what userspace is.

Figure out if you are trying to learn how to use/administer a Linux-based system, or how to write user programs that run on Linux-based computers, or learn about the Linux kernel itself.

This may or may not be helpful, depending what you are trying to do:

https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/pipermail/kernelnewbies/2017-April/017765.ht...

...

Is there a complete list of programs in Linux OS?

No. And if there *was*, it wouldn't be very helpful.

That's because Linux is used on everything from smart watches, to every Android-based device on the planet, to supercomputers, to the largest web services on the planet. And what gets installed on any given Linux based system depends on what the designer and/or user wants included.

Google *alone* has several billion (yes, with a 'b') lines of code that make up the programs that do all the magic for Google search, Gmail, Youtube, and all their other services. And the last I heard, Google isn't sharing all those programs with the world.

Then there's everything from genealogy programs, to programs that will handle the raw binary format images produced by Nikon cameras, to information security related software, to planetarium simulators, to text-to-speech software, to database servers, to totally niche things like the 'nmh' email software, which probably has less than 100 users worldwide these days. And that's just what's on my laptop.

The end result is that as I write this, the Fedora Rawhide distribution of Linux includes around 25,000 available packages to install, many of which include multiple programs. That doesn't include programs available from third party sites. And not all packages can be usefully installed on all systems - the programs for a Linux-based smart watch won't do anything useful on your desktop, while the desktop programs won't even *fit* in that smart watch.

...

And what do they do? See above.

Thank You. Will work my way out. Deepak "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated - Mahatma Gandhi" +91 73500 12833 deicool@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deicool LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/deicool "Plant a Tree, Go Green" Make In India : http://www.makeinindia.com/home On Wed, May 17, 2023 at 11:51 AM Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> wrote:

On Wed, May 17, 2023 at 10:57:23AM +0530, Deepak Goel wrote:

...

Now my second question is, how do I develop a small kernel from scratch by myself. Very simple one initially for Arduino Uno. Is it possible?

Yes, it is possible, but that's outside of this mailing list's topic. There are many great answers for how to do this online, good luck!

greg k-h

On Fri, May 19, 2023 at 01:24:18PM +0530, Deepak Goel wrote:

This link is good. However it is listing all the software which runs on Linux-kernel. I want to know what's going on inside the Linux-kernel (thread management, memory management, interface to devices, etc).

What of the many free books and other online resources have you read that did not cover this well already? Specific questions are best, and also, you have access to the whole source code of Linux, have you tried reading that and just following the basic code flows of something "simple" to understand this type of thing? thanks, greg k-h

On Fri, 19 May 2023, Deepak Goel wrote:

Will buy a book. Thank you. Debugging the whole source code of Linux, might be a bit tricky at the beginning. Will try ChatGPT.

Respectfully, you are completely missing the point of this mailing list. You started by asking for a list of programs that run on Linux; when that was provided, you changed your mind entirely and insisted that you wanted to know more about Linux internals like device drivers and memory management and so on. Now you're suggesting you will (finally?) buy a book and will further consult ChatGPT. Nowhere here have you demonstrated that you've actually put in any effort of your own to start learning. Your entire approach seems to be, "Could everyone drop what they're doing and teach me all about Linux?" One starts to suspect you haven't even installed Linux to start using it. This mailing list is for *kernel* newbies -- people starting to play with the kernel and who have *specific* questions about something they're trying. You, on the other hand, are asking to be spoon-fed the most basic information about simply *running* Linux. You need to go and invest some effort in learning the simplest things about Linux, and not ask others to do that for you. rday

On Fri, May 19, 2023 at 11:49 AM Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> wrote:

On Fri, May 19, 2023 at 01:24:18PM +0530, Deepak Goel wrote:

...

This link is good. However it is listing all the software which runs on Linux-kernel. I want to know what's going on inside the Linux-kernel (thread management, memory management, interface to devices, etc).

What of the many free books and other online resources have you read that did not cover this well already? Specific questions are best, and also, you have access to the whole source code of Linux, have you tried reading that and just following the basic code flows of something "simple" to understand this type of thing?

Is there a tiered list of portions of the kernel to have a look at? I'm thinking of something like this: * If you want to learn about USB drivers, have a look at the very simple foo-driver. Then, you could look at bar-driver. If you grasped all the concepts, have a look at veryadvanced-driver. * For char drivers, you could start with this driver, then this other driver and end with... * For block drivers... * For network drivers... I think this might be extended to core components of the kernel, although it might be a bit more complicated: * For process creation and destruction have a look at this. For advanced topics, have a look at that (this would be specific code parts/snippets). * For memory management, have a look at this for simple usage/understanding, and that for advanced topics. Sometimes it can be a bit overwhelming to open foo.c and get lost in the details. Do you know if there is such a list? Would it be difficult to create one? Thanks,

thanks,

greg k-h

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