embarrassed to admit i'm not sure of the proper answer to this, but what is the proper way to combine the features of "make O=" and configuring with "oldconfig" and an existing .config file? it *appears* that what i would do with a pristine kernel source tree is something like: $ mkdir ../build [create a build directory] $ cp <some config file> ../build/.config $ make O=../build oldconfig and take it from there. does that sound right? rday -- ======================================================================== Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA http://crashcourse.ca Twitter: http://twitter.com/rpjday LinkedIn: http://ca.linkedin.com/in/rpjday ========================================================================