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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org [mailto:kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org]
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">On Behalf Of </span></b>pramod gurav<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Monday, March 03, 2014 11:33 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> priyaranjan<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b> kernelnewbies<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: Linux MM : virtual memory address space<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">On Mon, Mar 3, 2014 at 11:52 PM, priyaranjan <<a href="mailto:priyaranjan45678@gmail.com" target="_blank">priyaranjan45678@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">I was going through <font color="black"><span style="color:black"><a href="http://linux-mm.org/HighMemory" target="_blank">http://linux-mm.org/HighMemory</a></span></font></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
"Currently the 32 bit x86 architecture is the most popular type of computer. In this architecture, traditionally the Linux kernel has split the 4GB of virtual memory address space into 3GB for user programs and 1GB for the kernel"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">What about 64-bit system? Where does the code lie in linux kernel for the check?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Is there any latest and updated memory management documentation for Linux kernel?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Priyaranjan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Priyaranjan,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">As below link suggests:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="http://users.nccs.gov/~fwang2/linux/lk_addressing.txt" target="_blank"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">http://users.nccs.gov/~fwang2/linux/lk_addressing.txt</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Also read this blog written in chinese: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="http://adam8157.info/blog/2012/07/linux-x86-64-vm/">http://adam8157.info/blog/2012/07/linux-x86-64-vm/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">on 64 bit arch the virtual address space is huge (2 to thr power of 64). So the overhead of translating the virtual addresses will be high. TO avoid this only lower 48
bits are used to form virtual addresses.<font color="#1f497d"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D">I believe this statement about only the lower 48 bits being used it not
correct. That would imply that the upper 16 bits of all virtual addresses on x86_64 would be the same, which is clearly not the case since the upper 16 bits of user space vas are all 0s yet the upper 16 bits of kernel space vas are all 1s.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D">Jeff Haran<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">This virtual space will still be very large (256 TB) and hence the user/kernel split is 1:1 (128TB:128TB). And as suggested in link it is very unlikely that you will have
such a huge RAM(more than 128TB) installed on any machine there is no concept of HIGHMEM.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Hope this clears the air a bit. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<br clear="all" style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">--
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Thanks and Regards<br>
Pramod<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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