Understand numa_faults_memory

[Henry C]

Hi,

I am on CentOS 7 with kernel package 3.10.0-862.2.3.el7.x86_64.

I was looking at the scheduling info of my application by cat
/proc/[pid]/sched:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
se.exec_start                                :      78998944.120048
se.vruntime                                  :      78337609.962134
se.sum_exec_runtime                          :      78337613.040860
se.nr_migrations                             :                    6
nr_switches                                  :                   41
nr_voluntary_switches                        :                   31
nr_involuntary_switches                      :                   10
se.load.weight                               :                 1024
policy                                       :                    0
prio                                         :                  120
clock-delta                                  :                   13
mm->numa_scan_seq                            :                  925
numa_migrations, 0
numa_faults_memory, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
numa_faults_memory, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1
numa_faults_memory, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0
numa_faults_memory, 1, 1, 0, 1, 9

And I am trying to understand the numbers after numa_faults_memory.

I dived into the source code:
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v3.18.75/source/kernel/sched/debug.c

I believe line 539 prints the last 4 lines.

Given my machine has 2 NUMA nodes, and the outer loop will loop through the
NUMA nodes and the inner loop is hardcoded to loop twice, the # of lines in
the output match.

So my questions are:
1.  What the inner loop is trying to do?  Why looping twice?
2.  What is the last number in numa_faults_memory (e.g. 9 for last line)?
3.  When will this counter be reset?  According to the comment at
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v3.18.75/source/include/linux/sched.h#L1577,
"Exponential decaying average of faults on a per-node basis. Scheduling
placement decisions are made based on the these counts.  The values remain
static for the duration of a PTE scan", it sounds like numa_faults_memory
is reset or recompute for each PTE scan.  What's PTE scan?  What does the
"scheduling" refer to?  Like scheduling the migration of a chunk of memory
from one NUMA node to another due to NUMA balancing?  If yes, does it mean
if I turn off NUMA balancing("echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing"),
PTE scan will stop and numa_faults_memory will remain 0 all the time
(assuming there is sufficient memory all the time)?
4.  And for my machine task_struct::numa_faults_memory[] would have 4
elements.  Then, I am lost what it is tracking.  As I thought it is
tracking the number of numa faults per NUMA node.  And the number of
elements is always # of NUMA node * 2.

Thanks!
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