A question about kernel real-mode code's LMA & VMA

[落痕]

Hi,
   The following is extracted from Documentation/x86/boot.txt,
   which show's memory map when booting a kernel.


117         ~                        ~ 118         |  Protected-mode kernel | 119 100000  +------------------------+ 120         |  I/O memory hole       | 121 0A0000  +------------------------+ 122         |  Reserved for BIOS     |      Leave as much as possible unused 123         ~                        ~ 124         |  Command line          |      (Can also be below the X+10000 mark) 125 X+10000 +------------------------+ 126         |  Stack/heap            |      For use by the kernel real-mode code. 127 X+08000 +------------------------+       128         |  Kernel setup          |      The kernel real-mode code. 129         |  Kernel boot sector    |      The kernel legacy boot sector. 130 X       +------------------------+ 131         |  Boot loader           |      <- Boot sector entry point 0000:7C00 132 001000  +------------------------+ 133         |  Reserved for MBR/BIOS | 134 000800  +------------------------+ 135         |  Typically used by MBR | 136 000600  +------------------------+  137         |  BIOS use only         | 138 000000  +------------------------+where the address X is as low as the design of the boot loader 141 permits.
The address X is not determined by kernel, so the kernel real-mode code's VMA may not equal to LMA, how kernel solved it??


One more question, in ld script, does the location counter ".", represent VMA?? 


Thanks.
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